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WHY PAM4 IS THE NEW BLACK
PAM4 is the new standard for high-speed networking equipment and was developed to support Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and similar next-generation technologies.
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) doubles the number of bits in serial data transmissions by increasing the number of levels of pulse-amplitude modulation. Unlike NRZ, which is a modulation technique that uses two voltage levels to represent logic 0 and logic 1, PAM4 uses four voltage levels to represent four combinations of two bits logic – 11, 10, 01, and 00.
Because PAM4 allows more data to be transmitted faster, it was chosen as the underlying technique for enabling 400 Gigabit Ethernet traffic.
Xena uses PAM4 in its latest Valkyrie traffic generation and analysis solutions, such as the Thor-400G-7S-1P test module.
The Thor test modules have the unique advantage of supporting both NRZ speeds (i.e. 10/25/100GE) and PAM4 (50/100/200/400GE) speeds. This makes Thor a convenient & cost-effective alternative to the big-brand vendors.
Xena White Papers
… for this industry
400GE
Learn about the new PAM4 400GE & 200GE data rates and how to verify the performance of network equipment capable of handling the new speeds.
Autoneg & Link Training
Discover how Xena’s Thor-400G-7S-1P test module supports auto-negotiation and link training for PAM4 data rates up to 400GE.
OpenFlow®
Learn about OpenFlow performance testing and how Xena’s Valkyrie platforms are used to verify OpenFlow performance of switches in SW-defined networks.
Production Line Testing
Any organization that produces Ethernet networking components will perform a variety of performance, functionality, and quality of service tests. While many of these tests take place at the R&D stage, companies that …
Quality Assurance Testing
How Valkyrie can be used for Quality Assurance testing of Ethernet products up to Layer 3.
SD-WAN
SD-WANs make it easier to centrally manage WANs spread across a wide area. Learn how Xena’s traffic generation and analysis solutions are used to test and verify SD-WANs.
The Case for 25GE & 50GE
Data centers are hungry for bandwidth but strapped for cash. Adding more 10GE equipment is a short-term solution but upgrading to 40/100GE is expensive.
Time Synchronization
Learn how ValkyrieTimeSynch is used for synchronizing test instruments in different locations using GPS, PTP and NTP.